![]() Initially, the T cell population rebounds, only to drop again over time. However, if a person’s blood is tested during the acute phase, the virus can be detected at high levels. The infected person may have influenza-like symptoms, but may not yet realize they are infected. Early in the infection, called the acute phase, CD4+ T cells decrease. HIV infections occur in phases that can be identified, in part, by a person’s CD4+ T cell count. The second issue is that as the immune system works to overcome the infection, it targets one of its own components. First, the immune response is severely compromised because, as described on the “ Parts of the Immune System” page, T cells are the equivalent of police chiefs or sergeants, so the coordination of the immune response is hampered. HIV infects T cells, specifically a type of T cell called CD4+ T cells. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most well-known example of a chronic immune system condition caused by an infection. Medications like chemotherapies for cancer or immune suppressive medications for a variety of rheumatologic or allergic disorders. Symptoms can include recurrent fevers, swelling or joint pain.
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